Appendices Sample Essays

Appendices Sample Essays Appendices Sample Essay Appendices Sample Essay APPENDICES a. User’s Manual USERS PAGE KING KERWIN APARTELLE Tabular Links 5 4 3 1 2 Figure a. 1 Tabular Links The form consists of the following tabs: 1. Home When home page link is pressed it will directly go to the homepage that contains some information about King Kerwin Apartelle and a slideshow of different photos in King Kerwin Apartelle. This is also called a start page or local file that automatically loads when a web browser  starts or when the browsers home button or â€Å"home† link is pressed. 2. About Us – When about us link is pressed it will directly go to the about us page that contains company profile of King Kerwin Apartelle and their services offered. 3. Contact Us When contact us link is pressed it will directly go to the contact us page that contains textboxes which allows the user to have an inquiry or send an inquiries, questions, verification and concerns about the web site or about the process of the king kerwin. 4. Gallery – When gallery link is pressed it will directly go to the sample picture of each rooms of King Kerwin Apartelle and Transient House. . Booking – When booking link is pressed it will directly go to the reservation page that contains instructions on how to have a reservation in the rooms. A cancel reservation and reservation form link is also included in the reservation page. King Kerwin Room ; Rates Figure a. 2 Room ; Rates Contact Us Figure a. 3 Contact Us The contact us form contains different textbox with a different la bels on it. This will allow the user to contact the administrator or the manager of King Kerwin Apartelle for some concerns or questions regarding to King Kerwin Apartelle. It has a reset button which shall reset all fields when it is pressed and a send button which shall send the inquiries of the client to the administrator’s e-mail address or manager’s e-mail address. Gallery Figure a. 4 Gallery Gallery page contains photos and highlights of each room of King Kerwin Apartelle and Transient House. Check Availability Figure a. 5 Check Availability Page Check Availability form shows the availability of each room Online Reservation Form Figure a. 6 Online Reservation Form Online Reservation Form contains different fields or textboxes that the user or the clients must fill out. Some fields are required in order for the system process it correctly and in order for the user to complete his/her reservation. The reservation shall be saved to database and send to user’s email address. Log-in Page 1 2 Figure a. 7 Log-in Page The Log-in page holds the whole system security. The log in page is where the admin gives personal information to be identified by the system and allow access to users. The admin inputs the user name and password and clicks the Log In button (1) to enter the admin main page. The system has the Forgot Password (2) ADMIN PAGE Admin Side Bar Figure a. Admin The form consists of the following links: 1. Admin Home – When admin home link is pressed, the page shall directly load at the home page of the admin 2. Logout When logout link is pressed, the system shall log-off and shows again the log-in form. 3. View Reservation – When view reservation link is pressed, the page shall directly load at the view reservation page that c onsists of all reservation has been made by the client in tabular form. 4. Rooms – When rooms link is pressed, the page shall directly load at the room page that consist of add new room, edit room and delete room. . Promo;Event – When promo;event link is pressed, the page directly load at the promo;event form that you can post Promo and Event of a company. VIEW RESERVATION Figure a. 8 View Reservation This form is for viewing all the reservation’s information of the client taken from online reservation form. The admin can also edit, cancel the reservation and print all the reservations or print reports. ADMIN EDIT PAGE Figure a. 9 Admin Edit Page After clicking the edit, the list of blocks numbers on king kewin shall show which has different list of lots and information inside the link. In this form, the system allows the admin to edit and update all information in the field of the lots per block. King Kerwin Printable Report Figure a. 10 Printable Report After clicking the print report link on the view reservation page, the system shall generate a report for viewing and printing purposes for record keeping. Promo and Event Figure a. 10 promo and event Shows the promo and event of king kerwin Apartelle and Transient House b. Source Code INDEX ;html ; ;head; lt;meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 ;title;KING KERWIN ;/title; ;link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css /; ;link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png /; ;! START OF CODE FOR CALENDAR script language = javascript type=text/javascript src=js/zapatec. js/script script language = javascript type=text/javascript src=js/calendar. js/script script language = javascript type=text/javascript src=js/calendar-en. s/script link rel=stylesheet href=system. css type=text/c ss/ SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript ! //Disable right click script //visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. all) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElementById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. aptureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document. onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. onmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/slide. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. ss /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header /divdiv id = gc_bg div id=king_menu ulli class=current a href=index. php Home/a/li lia href=room. php target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. hpContact Us/a/li /ul/div/divdiv id = gallerya href=# class = showimg src=images/gallery/king/SAM_5704. jpg alt=King Kerwin width=958 height=330 title= alt= rel=h3King Kerwin/h3 A Business Hotel with a touch of Home in the Heart of Olongapo City //aa href=# img src=images/gallery/king/SAM_5697. jpg alt=hospitality width=958 height=330 title= alt= rel=h3Hospitality/h3 staffs, and crew that will treat you well //a a href=#img src=images/family_photo4. ng alt=lobby width=958 height=330 title= alt= rel=h3Lobby/h3A full blast! Elegant lobby that will make you booked in the hotel//a a href=#img src=images/gallery/king/SAM_5710. jpg alt=lobby width=958 height=330 title= alt= rel=h3/h3//a div class=captiondiv class=content/div/div/div /div ! End Of Container /div div id=king _main lt;div class=templatemo_container div id=king_left div class=c_left h2Welcome to King Kerwin/h2h6 iApartelle and Transient House/i/h6table border=0 id = tayotrtd align = justify h13 Strategically sitnated in the heart of Olongapo City . Giving guests an easy access to SBMA , Beaches, entertaiment and major are of attractions. King Kerwin Transient house also accessible in market (near across the street)china Drug Store and Hospital. Enjoy an overnight or long term stay with a choice of our clean, spacious and comportable rooms. With the King Kerwins extraordinary way of pampering, youll gardly feel away from homeExperience a distinctly indulgent and comforting atmosphere where your every need is personally met. With our efficient and friendly concierge, professional housekeeping services and otherspecial courtesies, we make you feel the extra attention that touches you from the start to the end ofKing Kerwin Apartelle is simply like a home, a second home to our guest. Can stay for a while or even for a long term vacation. King Kerwin has the facility for Seminar, Weddings / Birthday and parties. ;/h13;;/td;;/tr;;/table;;/div; ;/div; ;! end of left div id=king_right div class=c_right table border = 0 trtda href = gallery. phpimg src = images/photo. png height = 42px/td/tr/table table border = 0 background = images/gilid. ng width = 250pxtrtd align = centerbr /bh14Easy Direct Booking br / at Low Rates/h14/bbr //td/tr div class=cleaner/div div class=cleaner/div /div ! End Of Container div id = king_main_bottom/div div id = king_footercenter a href = index. php| Home | /a a href = room. php Room Rate | /a a href = gallery. php Photo Gallery | /a a href = about. hp About Us | /a a href = contact. php Contact Us | /abr / | FAQS | #169; King Kerwins Apartelle | All Rights Reserved | Developed By: [emailprotected] com /center/div/div/body amp;gt;/html RESERVATION ? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn); $arrival =$_POST[checkin_monthday]; $outarrival=$_POST[checkout_monthday]; $departure = $_POST[checkin_year_month]; $outdeparture = $_POST[checkout_year_month]; $varmont = substr($departure, -1); $varyear = substr($departure, 0, 4); outvarmont = substr($outdeparture, -1); $outvaryear = substr($outdeparture, 0, 4); $room = $_POST[room]; $dates = $_POST[date1]; $datee = $_POST[date2]; $a = date(yy - mm - dd,strtotime($dates)); //$sql = mysql_query(select * from tbl_reservation where roomtype = $room and datestart =$dates or dateend = $a and dateend = $datee') or die(wla ka d2); $count = mysql_num_rows($sql); if($count == 0) {echo script alert( Reservation Available); /script; } else {echo script alert(not available. ); /script; echo script location. href=room. hp; /script;} ? html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Langu age=JavaScript function Ako_Validator() { var x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. ullname. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! isNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. mess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. value==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (echeck(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false return true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat=str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Inv alid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) eturn false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode if (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false;return true; } function limitText(limitField, limitCount, limitNum) { if (limitField. value. length limitNum) { limitField. value = limitField. value. substring(0, limitNum); } else { limitCount. value = limitNum limitField. value. length; } } /script lt;script type=text/javascript //Edit the counter/limiter value as your wish var count = 1000; function limiter(){ var tex = document. form1. mess. value; var len = tex. length; if(len count){ tex = tex. substring(0,count); document. form1. mess. value =tex; return false; }document. form1. limit. value = count-len;} /script script type=text/javascript function Search_Validator() {if (form2. txt_search. value == ) {alert(Search Item Required. ); form1. txt_search. focus(); return (false);}} /script SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript ! //Disable right click script /visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. all) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElementById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. captureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document . onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. onmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT lt;script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/slide. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. css /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header/div div id = gc_bgdiv id=king_menu ul lia href=index. hp Home/a/li li class=currenta href=room. php target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. phpContact Us/a/li /ul /div/div/div ! End Of Container /divdiv id=king_main div class=templatemo_container h2img src = images/hover. png / Reservation /h2 centerdiv id = king lt;form id=form1 name=form1 method=post action=verify. php onsubmit=return Ako_Validat or() table border=0 id = tayo trtd/td/trtr tdName: /tdtdinput type=text name=fullname id=fullname class=inquiry_input width = 50//td /trtrtdContact: /tdtdinput type=text name=contact id=cel onKeyPress=return isNumberKey(event) onKeyDown=limitText(this. form. limitedtextfield,this. form. countdown,11); onKeyUp=limitText(this. form. limitedtextfield,this. form. ountdown,11); class=inquiry_input maxlength=11i11 Digits Only/i/td/tr tr tdEmail Address:/td tdinput type=text name=email id=email class=inquiry_input/i(e. g. [emailprotected] com)/i/td /trtr tdAddress: /tdtdinput type=text name=address id=address class=inquiry_input width = 50//td /trtrtdCheck-In: /td td? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn); choinput type = text name = arrival value = $arrival $departure readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = innamemonth value = $varmont readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = innameyear value = $varyear readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = innam eday value = $arrival readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = outnamemonth value = $outvarmont readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = outnameyear value = $outvaryear readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = outnameday value = $outarrival readonly; ? gt; /td/trtr tdlabel class=frmLabelCheck-Out:/label/tdtd ? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,);mysql _select_db(db_kerwin,$conn);$arrival=mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[checkout_monthday]);$departure=mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[checkout_year_month]); echoinput type = text name = departure value = $arrival $departure readonly;? /td/trtr tdRoom Type: /tdtd ? php conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,);mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn); $room = $_POST[room]; echoinput type = text name = roomtype value = $room; ? /td/trtr tdNumber of Person: /tdtd input type=text name=personnum id=num onKeyPress=return isNumberKey(event) onKeyDown=limitText(this. form. limitedtextfield,this. form. countdown,11); onKeyUp=limitText(this. form. li mitedtextfield,this. form. countdown,11); class=inquiry_input maxlength=1/td /tr tr lt;td Message: /td td textarea name=mess id=message cols=25 rows=10 maxlength=1000 onkeyup=limiter()/textarea /td/td/trtrtd input type=submit name=submit id=inquiry_submit value= //td tdinput type=reset name=inquiry_reset id=inquiry_submit2 value= //td /tr/table/form script type=text/javascript src=js/calcodes. js/script /div /center ! End Of right /div lt;div class=cleaner/div /div ! end of sidebar div class=cleaner/div div class=cleaner/div /div ! End Of Container div id = king_main_bottom/div div id = king_footer center a href = index. php| Home | /a a href = room. php Room Rate | /a a href = gallery. php Photo Gallery | /a a href = about. php About Us | /a a href = contact. hp Contact Us | /abr / | FAQS | #169; King Kerwins Apartelle | All Rights Reserved | Developed By: [emailprotected] com /center/div/body /html CHECKAVAILABILITY html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html ; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Language=JavaScript unction Ako_Validator() { var x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. fullname. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! isNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. ess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. value==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (echeck(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false }re turn true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat=str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) eturn false} if (str. indexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode f (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false;return true; } function limitText(limitField, limitCount, limitNum) { if (limit Field. value. length limitNum) { limitField. value = limitField. value. substring(0, limitNum); } else { limitCount. value = limitNum limitField. value. length; } } /script script type=text/javascript //Edit the counter/limiter value as your wish var count = 1000; function limiter(){ var tex = document. form1. mess. value; var len = tex. length; if(len count){ tex = tex. ubstring(0,count); document. form1. mess. value =tex; return false; }document. form1. limit. value = count-len;} /script script type=text/javascript function Search_Validator() {if (form2. txt_search. value == ) {alert(Search Item Required. ); form1. txt_search. focus(); return (false);}} /script SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript ! //Disable right click script //visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. ll) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElem entById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. captureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document. onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. onmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/slide. s/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. css /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header/div div id = gc_bgdiv id=king_menu ul lia href=index. php Home/a/li li class=currenta href=room. hp target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. phpContact Us/a/li /ul /div/div/div ! End Of Container /divdiv id=king_main div id=login_form h5nbsp;/h5 ce nter link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=. /reservation_files/calendar. css form action=book. hp id=reservation-form name=reservation-form method=post table cellspacing=2tbody tr? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn)l $sql = mysql_query(Select * from tbl_room where id=$_GET295); while($r = mysql_fetch_array($sql)) {echo input type = hidden name = room value = $r[roomtype];}? /trtrtdlabelCheck In:input type = text name = date1 //label/td /trtrtd select id=checkin_day ame=checkin_monthday class=checkin_day onchange=checkDateOrder(this, #39;checkin_monthday#39;, #39;checkin_year_month#39;, #39;checkout_monthday#39;, #39;checkout_year_month#39;); updateDaySelect(this); option class=day prompt value=0Day/option option value=11/optionoption value=22/optionoption value=33/optionoption value=44/optionoption value=55/optionoption value=66/optionoption value=77/optionoption value=88/optionoption value=99/optionoption value=1010/optionoption value= 1111/optionoption value=1212/optionoption value=13 selected=selected13/optionoption value=1414/optionoption value=1515/optionoption value=1616/optionoption value=1717/optionoption value=1818/optionoption value=1919/optionoption value=2020/optionoption value=2121/optionoption value=2222/optionoption value=2323/optionoption value=2424/optionoption value=2525/optionoption value=2626/optionoption alue=2727/optionoption value=2828/optionoption value=2929/optionoption value=3030/optionoption value=3131/option/select select id=checkin_year_month name=checkin_year_month class=checkin_year_month onchange=checkDateOrder(this, #39;checkin_monthday#39;, #39;checkin_year_month#39;, #39;checkout_monthday#39;, #39;checkout_year_month#39;); updateDaySelect(this); option class=month prompt value=0Month/option option value=2011-1January 11/optionoption value=2011-2February 11/optionoption value=2011-3March 11/optionoption value=2011-4April 11/optionoption value=2011-5May 11/optionoption value=2011-6J une 11/optionoption value=2011-7July 11/optionoption value=2011-8August 11/optionoption value=2011-9September 11/optionoption value=2011-10October 11/optionoption value=2011-11November 11/option /select a class=calender inlineJsRequired onclick=showCalendar(this, #39;calendar#39;, #39;checkin#39;); href=javascript:void(0);img title=Open calendar and pick a date alt=calendar src=. /reservation_files/button-calender. png width=21 height=18/a /td/trtr lt;tdlabelCheck Out:input type = text name = date2 //label/td /trtrtd select id=checkout_monthday class=checkout_day onchange=updateDaySelect(this); name=checkout_monthday option class=day prompt selected= value=0Day/option option value=11/optionoption value=22/optionoption value=33/optionoption value=44/optionoption value=55/optionoption value=66/optionoption value=77/optionoption value=88/optionoption value=99/optionoption value=1010/optionoption value=1111/optionoption value=1212/optionoption value=13 selected=selected13/optionoption value=1414/optionoption value=1515/optionoption alue=1616/optionoption value=1717/optionoption value=1818/optionoption value=1919/optionoption value=2020/optionoption value=2121/optionoption value=2222/optionoption value=2323/optionoption value=2424/optionoption value=2525/optionoption value=2626/optionoption value=2727/optionoption value=2828/optionoption value=2929/optionoption value=3030/optionoption value=3131/option/select select id=checkout_year_month class=checkout_year_month onchange=updateDaySelect(this); name=checkout_year_month option class=month prompt selected= value=0Month/option option value=2011-1January 11/optionoption value=2011-2February 11/optionoption value=2011-3March 11/optionoption value=2011-4April 11/optionoption value=2011-5May 11/optionoption value=2011-6June 11/optionoption value=2011-7July 11/optionoption value=2011-8August 11/optionoption value=2011-9September 11/optionoption value=2011-10October 11/optionoption value=2011-11November 11/option/select a class=calender inlineJsRequired onclick=showCalendar(this, #39;calendar#39;, #39;checkout#39;); href=javascript:void(0);img title=Open calendar and pick a date alt=calendar src=. /reservation_files/button-calender. ng width=21 height=18/a /td/tr trtd colspan=2 nowrap= height=15px/td/tr trtd input class=button type=submit value=Check Availability /input/td/tr /tbody/table/form /centerdiv id=calendar/div script type=text/javascript src=. /reservation_files/calendar. js/scriptscript type=text/javascript // ! [CDATA[ var calendar = new Object(); var tr = new Object(); tr. nextMonth = Next; tr. prevMonth = Previous; tr. closeCalendar = Close; tr. url = kingkerwin. com; tr. title = ; tr. cons = themes/x-brown/images/; var months = [January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December]; var days = [Mon,Ma,We,Th,Fr,Sa,Su]; var days3 = [Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat,Sun]; var $t_hotels = Hotels. toLowerCase(); var b_today = Today; checkDateOrder(document. getElem entById(checkin_day), checkin_monthday, checkin_year_month, checkout_monthday, checkout_year_month); // ]] /script script src=. /reservation_files/jquery-1. 2. 6. min. js type=text/javascript/script /div /div center a href = index. hp| Home | /a a href = room. php Room Rate | /a a href = gallery. php Photo Gallery | /a a href = about. php About Us | /a a href = contact. php Contact Us | /abr / | FAQS | #169; King Kerwins Apartelle | All Rights Reserved | Developed By: [emailprotected] com /center/div/body /html SALES and RENTING html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. ss rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Language=JavaScript function Ako_Validator() { var x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. full name. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! sNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. mess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. value==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (echeck(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false }return true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat=str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. ndexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-m ail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode if (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false;return true; } unction limitText(limitField, limitCount, limitNum) { if (limitField. value. length limitNum) { limitField. value = limitField. value. substring(0, limitNum); } else { limitCount. value = limitNum limitField. value. length; } } /script script type=text/javascript //Edit the counter/limiter value as your wish var count = 1000; function limiter(){ var tex = document. form1. mess. value; var len = tex. length; if(len count){ tex = tex. substring(0,count); documen t. form1. mess. value =tex; return false; }document. form1. limit. value = count-len;} /script script type=text/javascript function Search_Validator() {if (form2. txt_search. value == ) alert(Search Item Required. ); form1. txt_search. focus(); return (false);}} /script SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript ! //Disable right click script //visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. all) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElementById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. captureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document. onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. nmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascrip t src=js/slide. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. css /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header/div lt;div id = gc_bgdiv id=king_menu ul lia href=index. php Home/a/li li class=currenta href=room. php target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. phpContact Us/a/li /ul /div/div/div ! End Of Container /divdiv id=king_main div class=templatemo_container h2img src = images/hover. ng /Room rates for Overnight stay: for 12 hrs /h2div id=jr_left div class=a_left/div div class=c_leftdiv class=sb_title1/div div class=sb_contentdiv id=inquiry_form ? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn); error_reporting(0); $page_name=newuser. php; $start=$_GET[start]; if(strlen($start) 0 and ! is_numeric($start)){ echo Data Erro r; exit; } $eu = ($start 0); $limit = 3; $this1 = $eu + $limit; $back = $eu $limit; $next = $eu + $limit; $query2= SELECT * FROM tbl_message; $result2=mysql_query($query2); echo mysql_error(); nume=mysql_num_rows($result2); $query= SELECT * FROM tbl_message ORDER by id DESC limit $eu, $limit ; $result=mysql_query($query); echo mysql_error(); if(mysql_num_rows($result)! =0){ while($r=mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo h10. $r[name]. /h10. br; echo nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. h14. $r[description]. /h14. br;echo img src=images/gallery/. $r[picture]. class=banner_right. /tdbrbr; }echo /table;echo /form;} else {echo no record found! ; }} else{switch($_GET[action]) { ase save:mysql_query(INSERT INTO tbl_message (name,picture,price) values ($_POST[name],$_POST[picture],$_POST[price],now()));header(location:newuser. php); break; case delete: mysql_query(DELETE FROM tbl_message WHERE id=$_GET295); header(location:newuser. php); break; case edit: $q = mysql_query(SELECT * FROM tbl_message WHERE id=$_GET295); $r = mysql_fetch_array($q); echo form action=newuser. php? action=update method=postid =form1 name = form1 table border=0trtd align=centerinput type=hidden name=id value=$r295/td/tr trtd valign=topName:/td lt;tdinput type=text name=name value=$r[name]/td/trtr td valign=topPicture:/td tdinput type=file name=picture value=$r[picture]/td/tr trtd valign=topPrice:/td tdinput type=text name=price value=$r[price]/td/tr trtd colspan=2 align=centerinput type=submit value=Saveinput type=button onclick=self. location=newuser. php value=Cancel / /td /tr/table/form; break; case update: $id = $_POST[id]; $name = $_POST[name]; $picture = $_POST[picture]; $price = $_POST[price]; ysql_query(UPDATE tbl_message SET name=$name,picture=$picture,price=$price WHERE id=$id); header(location:newuser. php); break;}} ECHOBR; ? /div/div/div/div ! end of left div id=jr_right div class=b_right div id = king_roombr / table border=0px cellpadding=5 cellspacing=3 width=630 ? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost, root,)or die(Cannot Connect to Server); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn)or die(Cannot Select Database); $q = mysql_query(SELECT * FROM tbl_room); if(mysql_num_rows($q)! =0){ while($r=mysql_fetch_array($q)){ echo trtd align=centerimg src=. $r[picture]. class=banner_right. /td; echo td align=left . nbsp;h16. $r[roomtype]. /h16br. nbsp;h14. $r[description]. /h14. brbr. h912hrs: /h9. nbspnbspnbsp;h9. $r[hrs]. br. h9Daily: /h9. nbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbsp;h9. $r[daily]. br. h9Weekly: /h9. nbspnbsp;h9 . $r[weekly]. /h9br. h9Monthly: /h9. nbsp;h9. $r[monthly]. /h9brbr; echo center. nbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbsp . a href=check. php? id=. $r[id]. img src=images/pic1. png. /center; }}? /table /div/div LISTINGS html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Language=JavaScript function Ako_Validator() { ar x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. fullname. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! isNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. mess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. alue==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (echeck(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false }return true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat= str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) eturn false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode if (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false;return true; } function limitText(limitField, limitCount, limitNum) { if (limitField. value. length limitNum) { limitField. value = limitFi eld. value. substring(0, limitNum); } else { limitCount. alue = limitNum limitField. value. length; } } /script script type=text/javascript //Edit the counter/limiter value as your wish var count = 1000; function limiter(){ var tex = document. form1. mess. value; var len = tex. length; if(len count){ tex = tex. substring(0,count); document. form1. mess. value =tex; return false; }document. form1. limit. value = count-len;} /script script type=text/javascript function Search_Validator() {if (form2. txt_search. value == ) {alert(Search Item Required. ); form1. txt_search. focus(); return (false);}} /script SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript lt;! //Disable right click script //visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. all) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElementById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. captureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document. onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. onmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT lt;script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/slide. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. css /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header/div div id = gc_bgdiv id=king_menu ul lia href=index. php Home/a/li li class=currenta href=room. hp target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. phpContact Us/a/li /ul /div/div/div ! End Of Container /divdiv id=king_main div class=templatemo_container h2img src = images/hover. png / Photo Gallery /h2 cen ter table border=0px cellpadding=10 cellspacing=2 width=630 trtdcenter Delauxe Room /center /td/trtrtdcenter lt;a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/family/gallery3. png title= gallery3. png img style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/family/gallery3. png/ /adiv id=iddivholder style=hf:12; yt:0; display: none; a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/11. jpg title= 11. jpg img style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/11. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/12. jpg title= 12. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/12. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/13. jpg title= 13. pgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/13. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/14. jpg title= 14. jpg img style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/14. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/2. jpg title= 2. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/2. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/3. jpg title= 3. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/3. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/4. jpg title= 4. pgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/4. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/5. jpg title= 5. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/5. jpg / /a/divscript src=engine/js/visuallightbox. js type=text/javascript/script /center/td/td/tr /table table border=0px cellpadding=10 cellspacing=2 width=630tr tdcenterFamily Room /center center a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/deluxe/gallery2. png title= gallery2. ng height = 200 width = 250img style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/deluxe/gallery2. png/ /adiv id=iddivholder style=hf:12; yt:0; display: none; a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/deluxe/photo. png title= photo. png img style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/deluxe/photo. png / /aa class=vlig htbox href=images/gallery/deluxe/phot6. png title= phot6. pngimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/deluxe/phot6. png / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/deluxe/photo. png title= photo. ngimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/deluxe/photo. png / /a/div script src=engine/js/visuallightbox. js type=text/javascript/script /center/td tdcenterExecutive Room/center center a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/executive/gallery. png title= gallery. pngimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/executive/gallery. png//a div id=iddivholder style=hf:12; yt:0; display: none; a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/4. jpg title= 4. jpg img style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/4. ng/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/8. jpg title= 8. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/8. png//a a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/9. jpg title= 9. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gall ery/exe/9. png/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/11. jpg title= 11. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/11. png/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/12. jpg title= 12. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/12. ng/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/14. jpg title= 14. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/14. png/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/18. jpg title= 18. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/18. png/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/32. jpg title= 32. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/32. png/ /a/div script src=engine/js/visuallightbox. js type=text/javascript/script /center/td/tr /table lt;table border=0px cellpadding=10 cellspacing=2 width=630trtd centerCouples Room/center/td/trtr tdcenter a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/executive/gallery. png title= gallery. png img style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/executive/gallery. png//ag t; div id=iddivholder style=hf:12; yt:0; display: none; a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/2. jpg title= 2. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/2. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/3. jpg title= 3. pgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/3. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/4. jpg title= 4. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/4. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/5. jpg title= 5. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/5. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/6. jpg title= 6. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/6. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/7. jpg title= 7. pgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/7. jpg / /a/divscript src=engine/js/visuallightbox. js type=text/javascript/script /center/td/td /tr/ta ble/center CONTACT US html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Language=JavaScript function Ako_Validator() { ar x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. fullname. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! isNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. mess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. alue==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (e check(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false }return true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat=str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) eturn false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode if (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false ;return true; 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Economic Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic Concepts - Essay Example e) Michelle seems to be much more efficient than James at utilizing the same space and resources for the purpose of both raising chickens and growing potatoes. Perhaps Michelle is a much more experienced farmer than James or perhaps the soil in Michelle’s farm is much more fertile. Regardless Michelle has the absolute advantage in both the chicken and potato production compared to James. f) Since Michelle can produce potatoes at a ratio of 4 pounds of potatoes per chicken versus James ratio of 2 pounds of potatoes per chicken, so to Michelle’s the potato crop is more valuable compared to her chicken production. Michelle holds the comparative advantage in the production of potatoes. g) Since James can only produce 80 pounds of potatoes year, but yet he is able to produce 40 chickens which are more valuable than the 80 pounds of potatoes he can produce in his farm; James holds the comparative advantage in the production of chickens. h) If both James and Michelle were to s pecialize in the area where they both hold a comparative advantage they would both be better off. Since based the exchange rate is 2.5 pounds of potatoes for each chicken Michelle’s 200 pounds potatoes are worth 80 chickens versus her capability of producing 50 chickens. This represents a 60% increase in her overall production. In the case of James 40 chickens are worth 100 pounds of potatoes versus his farm production capacity of capacity of 80 pounds of potatoes.

Management skill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management skill - Essay Example In other words, it can be affirmed from a broader perspective that the business organisations can fulfil their predetermined business targets with the development of the management skills by their business or strategic leaders (Koontz & Weihrich, 2006). Decision making can be regarded as one of the imperative management skills, which needs to be developed by the business or strategic leaders belonging to different organisations with the motive of accomplishing their expected business targets. In this similar context, decision making is principally viewed to be a vital constituent of modern management. In general, the facet of decision making is fundamentally described as the procedure of deciding certain significant aspects that leads the organisations to fulfil their intended business goals by a greater level (Salaman, 2001). Contextually, the significant concern of decision making is typically described as the selection of a definite action from amid several probable substitutes ai ming at mitigating a critical situation faced while conducting various operational functions by the different business organisations. ... decision making as a form of management skill is duly prioritised by different business organisations with the intention of sustaining the activities relating to business along with organisational functioning (Roussel & et. al., 2006). In order to determine the management skill of decision making, it has been viewed that a considerable portion of time is generally expensed at the time when decisions are adopted which might hinder the organisations to develop their overall performance by a greater level. Thus, in order to adopt decisions abruptly and efficiently especially in a management background, certain significant steps need to be followed. The steps comprise identifying as well as stating the exact problem, collecting relevant information, developing the accessible options, selecting better options, effectively planning along with executing the options and finally following up the activities (Lussier, 2008). It has been apparently observed that the organisations belonging to th is modern day context adopt significant decisions in order to fulfil their respective business targets by a significant level. In this similar concern, the different sorts of decisions that have been viewed to be adopted by various modern organisations embrace operational, strategic and tactical decisions. From the standpoint of operational decisions, the business or strategic managers belonging to different organisations have been noted to adopt decisions relating to the aspects that are required for performing daily operations effectively. With regard to tactical decisions, the business leaders of various organisations have been noted to be adopting decisions associated with formulating along with executing effective policies for raising overall organisational performance at large. In

Algorithm For Segmentation Of Urdu Script English Language Essay

Algorithm For Segmentation Of Urdu Script English Language Essay Segmentation of script plays a vital role in script recognition. It is vital to understand the script that is used in writing a document before developing or using a model to recognize it. Chain codes etc. In ligature model, word model is used at document, page and word level for segmentation. Our algorithm for segmentation of Urdu script used character model and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to enhance work done previously. We have extracted features from images and calculated the maximum likelihood to match characters in inference algorithm with a feature extracted from a text sample. The main features used in the system will be pre-processing, connected component analysis, recognition and segmentation of text up to character level. The algorithm will provide a means to implement an Urdu OCR system on the basis of the character model. Keywords Preprocessing, Segmentation of characters, character model, Optical character recognition (OCR), max and argmax. Introduction We use an OCR system / scanner to get images of text [1]. Into preprocessing image will be converted to noiseless B/W image. 1.1 Segmentation Segmentation is dividing an image into smaller segments or pieces [2]. Segmentation occurs on two levels. At first level both text and graphics are separated for further processing. At second level, segmentation is performed on text to separate paragraphs, words, and characters etc. Segmentation of text can be performed on a document, page, paragraph and character levels [3]. They suggested various segmentation approaches namely [4]. Holistic Method Segmentation based approach Segmentation free approach In holistic method whole word is classified using a dictionary, the features of test input are matched against trained prototypes [5]. The limitation is that the method is not good for larger classes and it can only be used with the other two methods. Segmentation divides a word into smaller segments. The image of the word is broken up into several entities called graphemes [4]. Segmentation depends on human intuition. In segmentation free approach character model can be used to concatenate characters and form words. For instance segmentation free approach can be based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that is a stochastic model. 1.2. Urdu Language and Text Segmentation Urdu is a cursive (written with the characters joined) writing language. Urdu language characters are similar in shape and have curves that make it difficult to recognize by a machine. Moreover it has more than one symbol to represent a character. Due to its cursive nature characters / scripts in Urdu language are hard to recognize by a computer program. A very accurate technique is needed to recognize / understand Urdu characters. Urdu characters have four elementary shapes Basic Symbols (38 Symbols) Table 1 shows the basic symbols / shapes for Urdu Language. Beginning Symbols (26 Symbols) Table 2 shows the basic symbols / shapes for Urdu Language. Mid Symbols (40 Symbols) Table 3 shows the basic symbols / shapes for Urdu Language. Other Symbols This includes symbols for numbers, special symbols like zabar, zair, paish etc. The symbol tables, Table 1, Table 2, Table3 and Table 4, for Urdu language are given below as: Table1. Basic Symbols Table 2. Beginning Symbols Table 3. Mid Symbols Table 4. Other Symbols We used Urdu script Nastaliq for our work. We extracted images for Urdu character set like basic, beginning, mid and other symbols using available Nastaliq font. Literature Review In a structural approach to script identification, stroke geometry has been utilized for script characterization and identification [6]. Individual character images in a document are classified either by applying a prototype classification or by using support vector machine. Ligatures are used for segmentation / recognition of Urdu characters. The ligature is a sequence of characters in a word separated by non-joiner characters like space. Their approach in [1] used ligature model and it is divided into two stages: Line Segmentation Line segmentation deals with the detection of text lines in the image. The image is scanned horizontally from right to left direction, upwards to downwards, in search of a text pixel. Afterwards, it is determined whether this pixel belongs to a primary ligature or a secondary ligature as shown in Fig 1. The freeman chain codes (FCC) of the ligature are compared with already calculated FCC of the secondary ligatures. Character Segmentation The text is skeletonized and a label matrix is constructed which contains the identifiers of all ligatures in the image. The position of individual characters in a word is determined. Segmentation is done using primary ligatures only. Fig 1. (a) Urdu word (b) Seven ligatures (c) Three Primary ligatures (d) Four Secondary ligatures [7]. Limitations of the method are: firstly, they performed segmentation on the basis of primary ligatures only, therefore, it will not differentiate between seen and sheen because it will ignore secondary ligatures i.e. dots. Secondly, dictionary of images stored for training will be huge. Thirdly, there are problems of over segmentation and under segmentation. In [8], they have proposed a ligature and word model for Urdu word segmentation. It was done in three phases: In 1st phase, data is collected. They identified Ligatures and calculated word probabilities using probabilistic measure. From the input set of ligatures, all sequences of words are generated and ranked using the lexicon lookup. In the 2nd phase, top k sequences are selected using a selected beam value for further processing. It uses valid words heuristic for selection process. In the third phase, maximum probable sequence from these k word sequences is selected. Their method used dictionary of ligatures/words, chain codes, and to find best probable sequences they used HMM toolkit HTK to recognize a word / ligature. They have recommended that their work can be further improved by using the character model for Urdu text segmentation [9]. A poor segmentation will lead to poor recognition [10]. They divided image into smaller blocks, check for uniformity, group uniform block using color similarity and identify text in this block [11]. They used edge density based noise detection to segment out text areas in video/ images [12]. Segmentation of an image into text and non-text regions effect performance in OCR development [13]. They proposed line segmentation method using histogram equalization, indicated various problems and text line into ligature using chain codes [14]. They presented bounding box based approach for segmentation of table of contents in Urdu script [15]. They analyzed horizontal and vertical projection profiles for line and character segmentation. Misclassification occurs at character level [16]. They proposed text line extraction using vertical projection, marking all points where pixel values are not found and text line into ligatures using stroke geometry [17]. They proposed identification of partial words (i.e. connected components) in text line and using horizontal / vertical projections to identify words using relative distance matching [18]. They used dictionary for text line and ligature segmentation in online text [19]. Problem Statement Previous work has limitations that it cannot correctly perform segmentation in few cases and there will be misclassification problems. Moreover it can recognize a limited set of connected components or ligatures only. Proposed Segmentation Algorithm We will enhance previous work by proposing an improved algorithm for Urdu script segmentation that will use a character model. For this purpose we have created a set of characters. There are about 114 characters excluding some special characters like zabar, zair, paish etc. We have used characters of fixed size and style in this work. We are using all the variations of each character in a writing style e.g. bay has three shapes a basic, a beginning and mid shapes. Our algorithm uses a character model with Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for segmentation of Urdu text. To the best of our knowledge, this work has not been done previously. We have offline text i.e., scanned pre-processed B/W Urdu characters and we are using Matlab ver. 7.12 as programming tool. 4.1 Our Method Our method is divided into three broad steps: Step#1 Data Acquisition / Feature Extraction: In the first step, algorithm transforms images of symbols into binary form as a matrix. Then extract features from the images using our feature extraction program and store it into a disk. These features are represented as hidden states: X(i) = { x(0), x(1), . . . , x (k)} where each X (i) represents a feature (in matrix form) for each shape in an Urdu character set; x (k) is a position vector in the matrix X (i). Step#2 Get Observed data: The observed data contain sequences of Urdu characters. In our study we have used a line of Urdu text. After acquiring this filtered image, we have transformed it into binary form. Then extracted features from an image using our feature extraction program. This feature contains several Urdu characters in it. The algorithm will scan it and perform segmentation by calculating maximum probabilities with hidden states and locating observations in feature using HMMs. These observations form observable states: O(i) = { o(0), o(1), . . . , o(k)} where each O(i) represents feature (in matrix form) for each shape in observed states; o(k) is a positional vector in matrix O(i). Step#3 Apply HMMs: We are given: Hidden states: X(i) = { x(1), x(2), . . . , x(k)} where i = 1,2, †¦ , m (for m characters). Observable states: O(i) = { o(1), o(2), . . . , o(k)} where i = 1,2, †¦ , n. Initial Distribution X(0). In a hidden Markov model the state variable x(i) is observable only through its measurements o(i). Now, suppose that a sequence O(i) of emission has been observed. Fig 2 shows transformation of a character and an observed sequence that are captured using MATLAB matrices. (a) (b) Fig 2: (a) A m x n matrix showing Urdu character Alif. (b) Sample observation showing a connected component of two characters bay and alif spelled out ba. Instead of using characters our algorithm extracted features from all the characters to reduce computation complexity. These features will be used as hidden states in HMM i.e. x(i) and are stored on disk for example, features showing character alif and bay, captured using MATLAB, are shown below in fig 3. (a) (b) (c) Fig 3. (a) Feature for character Alif, (b) Feature for character Bay and (c) Feature for sample S(i) taken from word ba i.e. bay-alif. The algorithm extracts feature from line of sample text S(i). In forward algorithm, the feature s(1), †¦ , s(k) is matched against each of the hidden states x(i) by matching rows of x(i) with rows of S(i). The process continues for all characters and stops after calculating probabilities for all the characters i.e. P(X(i)|Z(i)). Afterwards it finds the maximization of probability and in this way it finds observation O(1) from the S(1). The forward algorithm will continue from s(k+1), †¦, s(L) to find observations O(2), †¦ , O(n). If there is more than one probable character, then we can use a so called Viterbi algorithm that will find argmax and will give the optimal probable sequence if we are not near to actual results. The algorithm for the HMMs is as under: Algorithm Segsha (S, L) j=1 while ( j < L ) for i = 1 to n Sample s(j) ~ {w} wi = pr(s(j)|X(i)) end-for O(i) = O(i) U {max( wi )} s(j) = s(j) + 1 end-while Where S is a sample feature of vectors obtained from an observed sequence O(i) i.e., a line of Urdu text; L is the dimension of S (length of S); S(j) is a sample taken from S each time to match against character feature X(i) and probability of matching will give us weights, wi, for each character; max(wi) is maximization of probability that proceeds as follows: Here max(wi) can be calculated by comparing wi ~ w and calculated by using the eq.1 [20]. Result A total of 1200 words were used that include all the characters in our character set. Sample scanned text was taken from Nastaliq font with point size 36. We found that 1176 out of 1200 were completely recognized. Not the whole word but only one or two characters in a word were misclassified. The accuracy of 97% was very encouraging for us and we are looking forward to work further in this area. Conclusion We tested our approach on images of text taken from Nastaliq font scanned at 300 dpi and found that better results can be achieved by using HMM with the character model. These results were checked on a prototype using a set of characters. We have achieved 97% accuracy. Future Work and Enhancements In future we are planning on two things: 1. To eliminate restriction of fixed font size and style. 2. To work with handwritten Urdu text. We will use both of the options using the same method but that is another story.

Assessing the Goal of Sports Products, Inc Essay

Sports Products Inc. is a large producer of boating equipments and accessories. The two key players within this organization is Loren Segura who works as a Clerical assistant in the accounting department and Dale Johnson who works in the shipping department. Both team members had a concern about the company profits and was equally concerned about the stocks declining in value therefore, Loren and Dale try to strategize what is important to management and how the current options affect their pay directly. (Gitman,2009) Solution a. What should the management of Sports Products, Inc. pursue as its overriding goal? Why? Sports Products Inc. will definitely want to maximize their shareholders wealth, which should be the most important goal of an organization although; profit is required to increase the dividends of the company. The managers in Sports Products Inc. must focus on how the organization will continue to profit however; shareholders wealth will increase or maximize while they focus on maintaining their status of providing excellent boating equipment and accessories to their clientele. The firm will also need to come up with a way to incorporate pollution control for the existing problems and a way to pay the additional cost it will incur. The study indicates that the firm has never paid any cash dividends in their twenty-year history and this is how stockholders receive their profit from the organizations earnings. Shareholders fall secondary when it comes to receiving cash dividends or profit because, a shareholder only profits after everyone else in line has received their payments such as the organizations creditors, or suppliers which explains why Sports Products Inc. is being sued by various officials for dumping waste in adjacent streams. The company has chosen not invest in paying for pollution control as this will increase cost to the company and lower the company profit margin. By the shareholders, owning the firm places them at a greater risk and by them owing other companies for risking pollution no one will want to invest in the company although, the profits are rising there is no increase in the firm’s stock price. b. Does the firm appear to have an agency problem? Explain. There does appear to be an agency problem because, regardless of Dales and Loren efforts to manage their jobs by trying not to waste packaging material and performing their job as cost-effective as possible the stock price is still declining $2 per share over a 9 month period which is a large decline under a year time-frame. The company also, does not seem to be concerned about incorporating a pollution control program because; the company is concerned over the cost to themselves and their company profit margin. c. Evaluate the firm’s approach to pollution control. Does it seem to be ethical? Why might incurring the expense to control pollution be in the best interests of the firm’s owners despite its negative effect on profits? To be honest, I am unsure why this would happen ethically. Sports Products Inc. will eventually have to take responsibility on a higher level if these other companies go through with the lawsuits. Therefore, the organization will be forced into either incorporating a pollution control plan or paying fines, which will reduce shareholders wealth even more because, at this point the shareholders cannot receive anything until their creditors are paid in full. d. Does the firm appear to have an effective corporate governance structure? Explain any shortcomings. The structure of Sports Products Inc. appears poorly structured. The management teams are not focused on the shareholders wealth at all. The management structure wants to maintain company profit to break even however, they are not concerned about dumping waste into streams or, creating a pollution control plan. The company is not assuring their stockholders wealth is maximized and if they have not paid cash dividends in 20 years they are just trying to stay in business however, they are not taking care of their employees who work from them everyday nor, does the company have the shareholders best interest at heart. e. On the basis of the information provided, what specific recommendations would You offer the firm? Based on the case study I would recommend Sports Products Inc. forming a better plan that will not just break even however, strategize how to incorporate a pollution control program that will be cost-effective and not affect profits if possible. I would recommend that they incorporate better ethical values that will show integrity to their constituents and internal employees. The organization will need to continue to profit but they also, need to ensure that the shareholders get a piece of the pie in addition, to changing the standards that have been in place for 20 years.

Love at First Sight Essay

Love at First Sight Writing Sample Once upon a time there was a girl. One day she saw a boy she’d never met across a crowded room. Their eyes locked: she froze in her tracks, her face stuck in awe. Her blood ran cold; her fingers began to tingle as a shiver ran through her entire body. 8.2 seconds later the boy flashed her a beaming smile. His expression injected a flood of warmth into her fragile heart and her mouth involuntarily turned up to return the gesture. She didn’t know how or why but she knew at that moment that this boy was the one. This is the true and universal story of a phenomenon known as love at first sight. When I was a child I used to shamble after my mom around the house asking her â€Å"Mommy, what’s it like to be in love?† she always sat me down and answered â€Å"It’s nothing I can explain, sweetie, you’ll know it when you feel it†. How could this be? How could an experience be so complex it can’t be described in words? How on earth could this happen with one look? Science says it’s simple: it’s all in our biological makeup. In a recent article published in Psychology Today; John R. Buri, Ph.D. describes that when we experience an â€Å"instant attraction† neurotransmitter chemicals are released into our nervous system stimulating a powerful â€Å"physiological arousal†. But how far does this stimulant take us? We all know what it’s like to encounter a â€Å"hot† boy or girl on any regular day but this exciting meeting is usually easily forgotten and rarely affects us in any way besides providing topic of conversation among friends (â€Å"Have you seen that new cashier? He is fine! And he totally checked me out today†). Some may say that this brief glitch of pleasure is all that will ever result from a first meeting, but stories all around us attest to something greater. A submission to the PBS segment â€Å"American Love Stories† reads â€Å"I met my husband in an emergency room while he was doing a medical school rotation. I was being  treated for a migraine headache. From twenty-five feet away and despite numerous interruptions, including my pain, our eyes locked, and we married a little over a year later.† This is just one of the tales that pop-up all around us converting the emotionally willing to hopeless romance. The question we must ask, though, is how much of this phenomenon is rooted in fairytales and how much is it rooted in science? In an experiment recently conducted by Cornell University on a sample of fruit flies, female fruit flies were able to sense, upon first encounter, males of the same species that were genetically capable of producing more offspring with them than other males that weren’t. The scientists explained this result by concluding that the female flies were innately â€Å"wired for love† and â€Å"the chemicals and proteins needed for their response [were] already in place, without the need for new genes to be activated†. Though there are differences between the genetics in humans and fruit flies, the same principles may apply. Clara Moskowitz, author of the article â€Å"Love at First Sight Might be Genetic†, refers to an experiment where humans were more attracted to the scents emitted from T-shirts that were not of those who were genetically related to them, proving that human bodies have a natural instinct that prevents inbreeding and is able to â€Å"senseâ₠¬  their better match. It’s hard to imagine the amazing complexity of the human mind and feelings but a lot of people put all of their faith or belief into something they can’t even see or understand. In the article â€Å"Love at First sight† Psychology today reveals that approximately 60% of Americans believe in love at first sight. This might be due to the fact that over 50% said they have experienced it. Whether or not one â€Å"believes† in love at first sight, it’s no question that humans are scientifically capable of it. Our culture is surrounded by the magical idea of true love and impossibly romantic fairytales that seem too good to be true; but maybe the reason these stories seem so out of reach is because they have an outrageous take on relationships and the circumstances in which they develop. So what is love? A romantic duet in a pond under a star-sprinkled sky? A brave, handsome prince rescuing a gorgeous, innocent damsel in distress from a fire-breathing dragon? A happily ever after? Most would have a hard time defining something as mysterious as love, but with the burst of technology in the last decade, scientists have uncovered explanations for more than ever thought possible. Judith Newman investigates her heart out in the Parade Article â€Å"The Science of Love†, breaking down the concept into three chemicals in the brain that each contribute to a different piece of the love puzzle. The first, dopamine, is connected to the addictive feeling of pleasure one may feel around someone they love. Norepinphrine, the second neurotransmitter released, causes the jitters and nerves that result from being in love. The third, Serotonin, balances out the norepinphrine by releasing a calming chemical into the brain. These three transmitters release enough â€Å"mix of emotions† into the body to cause the sensation we know as love. As scientists discover more and more about humans, more and more is revealed about how we were biologically constructed to find a life-long partner. And if love really is just a release of fancy brain chemicals, it’s likely that they can work fast enough to be triggered at first sight; we are pretty smart after all. To make the claim that love is all mental is, well, plain mental; yet to say it is scientifically impossible is just as crazy. It’s plain to see that love happens all around us and most importantly when we’re not expecting it. Not everything can be explained by science, even when it comes to biological instinct, but sometimes a simple meeting of the eyes or a flash of a genuine smile explains it all. Works Cited 1. Love, Home /. â€Å"Love at First Sight, Blind to the Future.† PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. . 2. Moskowitz, Clara. â€Å"Love at First Sight Might Be Genetic | LiveScience.† Live Science. 08 Apr. 2009. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. . 3. Buri, Ph.D, John R. â€Å"Love At First Sight.† Psychology Today. 16 Feb. 2010. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. . 4. Newman, Judith. â€Å"The Science of Love.† Parade 12 Feb. 2012: 9+. Print

Push-Pull Factors that Determine Population Migration

In geographical terms, the push-pull factors are those that drive people away from a place and draw people to a new location. A combination of push-pull factors helps determine migration or immigration of particular populations from one land to another. Push factors are often forceful, demanding that a certain person or group of people leave one country for another, or at least giving that person or people strong reasons to want to move—either because of a threat of violence or the loss of financial security. Pull factors, on the other hand, are often the positive aspects of a different country that encourage people to immigrate in order to seek a better life. While it may seem that push and pull factors are diametrically opposed, in fact they both come into play when a population or person is considering migrating to a new location. Push Factors: Reasons to Leave Any number of detrimental factors can be considered push factors, which essentially force a population or person from one country to seek refuge in another country. Conditions which drive people to leave their homes can include a sub-standard level of living, food, land or job scarcity, famine or drought, political or religious persecution, pollution, or even natural disasters. Under the worst circumstances, it may be difficult for a person or group to pick and choose a destination: speed out is more important than selecting the best option for relocation. Although all push factors dont require a person to leave a country, these conditions that contribute to a person leaving are often so dire that if they do not choose to leave, they will suffer financially, emotionally or physically.  The Great Potato Famine of the mid-19th century, for example, pushed thousands of Irish families to immigrate to the United States to avoid starvation. Populations with refugee statuses are the among the most affected by push factors in a country or region. Refugee populations are often faced with genocide-like conditions in their country of origin, usually because of authoritarian governments or populations opposed to religious or ethnic groups. For example, Jews leaving Germany during the Nazi era were threatened with violent death if they remained in their home country. Pull Factors: Reasons to Migrate Pull factors are those that help a person or population determine whether relocating to a new country would provide a significant benefit. These factors attract populations to a new place largely because of what the country provides that is not available to them in their country of origin. A promise of freedom from religious or political persecution, availability of career opportunities or cheap land, and an abundance of food could be considered pull factors for migrating to a new country. In each of these cases, a population will have more opportunity to pursue a better life compared to its home country. Students entering universities or seeking jobs in more developed countries, for example, might be able to receive larger salaries and greater opportunities than in their countries of origin. For some individuals and groups, push and pull factors work together. This is particularly the case when push factors are relatively benign. For example, a young adult who cannot find a lucrative job in her home country may consider immigrating only if the opportunities are significantly better elsewhere. Sources and Further Reading Baldwin-Edwards, Martin, and Martin A. Schain. The Politics of Immigration in Western Europe. London: Routledge, 1994.  Horevitz, Elizabeth. Understanding the Anthropology of Immigration and Migration. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 19.6 (2009): 745–58.  Portes, Alejandro, and Jà ¶zsef Bà ¶rà ¶cz. Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives on Its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation. International Migration Review 23.3 (1989): 606–30.  Zimmermann, Klaus F. European Migration: Push and Pull. International Regional Science Review 19.1–2 (1996): 95–128.